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Sleep Disorder and Aging

Elderly people can have sleep disturbance mainly because of physical illness, changes in activity, side effect of some medications or social life. Elderly people can have tiredness, lack of energy and daytime sleeping with sleep disorders. Their sleep is affected by lots of factors.

There are conditions like confusion, poor performance on tasks and difficulty concentrating as well and sleep disorder can lead to premature death as well. They can have feeling of not enough sleep or insomnia as well. They can take longer to fall asleep. The nighttime awakening can lead to sensation of insomnia and they can be wakened easily by noises. There can be night time wakefulness as well with daytime sleeping.

There are different stages of normal life and these stages are classified as rapid eye movement sleep and non rapid eye movement sleep. Muscles relax completely in REM and dreaming occurs in this condition. Non- REM is further divided into four stages of light and deep sleep. There can be change in the duration of REM with aging. Elderly women are prone to insomnia in comparison with elderly men.

Sleep Disorder Causes

Periodic limb movements which are also known as nocturnal myoclonus and sleep apnea are some common sleep disorders with aging. There can be interruption to breathing during sleep with sleep apnea and it is very common in overweight elderly people. They can wake up gasping with sleep apnea which can result in high blood pressure, daytime sleepiness, heart rhythm problems and corpulmonale. Sleep apnea can become worse with sleeping medications. Elderly people can have leg jerks with periodic limb movements and this movement is normally referred as kicking. Sleep can also be disturbed with many body disorders like pain, breathing problems with heart failure, rapid heartbeat, neurological problems, frequent need to urinate, emphysema, Parkinson disease, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, sinus problems, allergies, itchy skin and many other such problems. Sleep disorders can also be because of some mental disorders like depression, dementia, anxiety, bipolar disorders and psychosis.   

Sleep disorder can be provoked with many medications. Elderly people tend to have medications 5 to 9 times daily. These medications can interfere with wakefulness and sleep. There can be daytime drowsiness with sedative antipsychotics and sedative antidepressants. There can be sleep disorders with beta blocker medications, prolonged sleeping medications, caffeine and theophylline which are stimulant drugs which can decrease sleep time by increasing number of awakenings. There can be decreased sleep duration in the smokers as well as nicotine can disturb sleep. There can be affect of social and lifestyle factors on sleep disorders as well. Elderly people are normally less active and they have less sleep as their bodies are not ready for it. Sleep is also disturbed with alcohol. The nighttime sleep is also interfered with daytime sleeping. Sleep is also affected by bereavement and sadness. Sleep can become more difficult with everyday stress. Elderly people can have less sleep because of many other factors as well.